Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome symptoms in adults
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited disorders that primarily affect the connective tissues in the body, which provide support to the skin, joints, blood vessels, and other organs. While often diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, many adults live with undiagnosed or managed EDS, experiencing a variety of symptoms that can significantly impact daily life. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for proper diagnosis and management.
One of the hallmark features of EDS in adults is joint hypermobility. This means that joints can move beyond their normal range of motion, often resulting in frequent dislocations or subluxations. For many adults, this can lead to chronic joint pain, instability, and early-onset osteoarthritis. Tasks that seem simple, like opening jars or reaching overhead, may become challenging due to joint laxity. Over time, repeated joint injuries can cause persistent discomfort and limit mobility.
Skin-related symptoms are also prominent. Adults with EDS often notice skin that is unusually soft, velvety, or hyperextensible. The skin may be more prone to bruising even with minor trauma, and scars tend to be widened or atrophic. These features not only affect appearance but can also lead to increased vulnerability to skin tears or wounds that heal slowly.
Vascular symptoms are particularly concerning in certain subtypes of EDS, such as the vascular type. Adults with this form may experience easy bruising, arterial or organ rupture, and bleeding complications. Although less common, these symptoms require careful monitoring and sometimes surgical intervention.
Chronic pain is prevalent among adults with EDS, often attributed to joint instability, muscle strain, or soft tissue injuries. This persistent discomfort can lead to fatigue, reduced activity levels, and even mental health challenges like anxiety or depression. The pervasive nature of pain often necessitates multidisciplinary approaches, including physical therapy, pain management, and psychological support.
Other systemic manifestations include dental issues such as fragile gums and frequent gum bleeding, which are common in some EDS subtypes. Cardiovascular concerns, like mitral valve prolapse or other heart valve abnormalities, may also occur and require regular monitoring. Additionally, some adults report gastrointestinal problems, including abdominal pain, motility issues, and hernias, due to the weakness of connective tissues in the digestive tract.
Diagnosing EDS in adults can be complex, as symptoms often overlap with other conditions. A thorough clinical evaluation, detailed family history, and sometimes genetic testing are essential for accurate diagnosis. Management focuses on symptom relief, preventing complications, and improving quality of life. Physical therapy, pain management, lifestyle modifications, and regular medical follow-up form the cornerstone of care.
Living with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome as an adult involves understanding one’s limitations and adopting strategies to minimize injury. Awareness of the diverse symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better management, ultimately improving outcomes and enabling individuals to lead fulfilling lives despite the challenges posed by this connective tissue disorder.
