Chondrosarcoma Vs Enchondroma: Key Differences
Chondrosarcoma Vs Enchondroma: Key Differences Chondrosarcoma Vs Enchondroma: Key Differences In this article, we will explore the critical differences between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, two types of bone tumors that involve the cartilage. Understanding the disparities between these conditions is vital for accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment selection, and overall patient care.
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that originates from cartilage cells, whereas Enchondroma is a benign bone tumor that arises within the cartilage. Identifying the type of bone tumor is essential as it determines the treatment options and prognosis for patients.
By examining the differential diagnosis, radiographic features, histopathology, treatment options, and prognosis associated with Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, we aim to provide valuable insights for both medical professionals and individuals dealing with these bone tumors.
Get Free Consultation
ACIBADEM Health Point: The Future of Healthcare
We believe that everyone deserves access to quality healthcare, which is why we have established multiple branches in strategic locations. Whether you're in need of routine check-ups, specialized treatments, or emergency care, ACIBADEM Health Point is here for you.Through a thorough understanding of these dissimilarities, patients can make informed decisions regarding their health and work closely with their healthcare providers to devise personalized treatment plans that optimize outcomes.
Understanding Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that originates from the cartilage cells. It is a type of bone cancer that primarily affects adults, with a peak incidence in the fifth and sixth decades of life. Understanding the characteristics of this bone tumor, including its radiographic features, histopathology, treatment options, and prognosis, is crucial for effective management.
Radiographic Features
The radiographic features of Chondrosarcoma can vary depending on the subtype and grade of the tumor. Common radiographic findings include:
ACIBADEM Health Point: Your Health is Our Priority!
ACIBADEM Health Point, we are dedicated to providing exceptional healthcare services to our patients. With a team of highly skilled medical professionals and state-of-the-art facilities, we strive to deliver the highest standard of care to improve the health and well-being of our patients. What sets ACIBADEM Health Point apart is our patient-centered approach. We prioritize your comfort, safety, and satisfaction throughout your healthcare journey. Our compassionate staff ensures that you receive personalized care tailored to your unique needs, making your experience with us as seamless and comfortable as possible.- Presence of lytic areas or areas of increased density on X-rays
- Calcifications within the tumor
- Irregular or moth-eaten appearance of the bone
- Expansion of the affected bone
Histopathology
Histopathological examination plays a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis of Chondrosarcoma. The tumor is characterized by the presence of atypical cartilage cells that show varying degrees of cellular atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, and increased mitotic activity. Additionally, the presence of calcification and cartilaginous matrix formation is observed under the microscope.
Treatment Options
The treatment of Chondrosarcoma depends on several factors, including the tumor’s grade, location, and extent of spread. The main treatment modalities for Chondrosarcoma include:
- Surgical resection: The primary treatment approach involves surgical removal of the tumor, which may include limb-salvage or amputation procedures.
- Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be used as an adjuvant treatment after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of local recurrence.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy has limited effectiveness in the treatment of Chondrosarcoma, but it may be used in some cases, particularly for unresectable or metastatic tumors.
Prognosis
The prognosis for Chondrosarcoma varies depending on the tumor’s grade, location, and stage at the time of diagnosis. Low-grade tumors have a better prognosis than high-grade tumors. Local recurrence and metastasis to the lungs or other distant sites can significantly impact the overall prognosis. Early detection, prompt treatment, and regular follow-up are essential for improving outcomes in patients with Chondrosarcoma.
| Prognostic Factors | Poor Prognosis | Good Prognosis |
|---|---|---|
| Tumor Grade | High-grade Chondrosarcoma | Low-grade Chondrosarcoma |
| Tumor Size | Large tumor size | Small tumor size |
| Metastasis | Distant metastasis | No metastasis |
It is important for individuals diagnosed with Chondrosarcoma to work closely with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on their specific case.
Overview of Enchondroma
In this section, we will provide a comprehensive overview of Enchondroma, a benign bone tumor that arises within the cartilage. Enchondroma is the most common type of cartilage tumor found in the tubular bones of the hands and feet. Although typically noncancerous, it is important to understand the characteristics of Enchondroma, its radiographic features, histopathological traits, and available treatment options.
Radiographic Features of Enchondroma
Enchondromas can be identified through radiographic imaging techniques such as X-rays and MRIs. These diagnostic tools help visualize the internal structures of the bone and cartilage, providing valuable insights into the nature of the tumor. Radiographic features observed in Enchondroma include:
- Well-defined borders
- Homogeneous appearance
- Lobulated or irregular shape
- Endosteal scalloping
- Matrix calcification
By examining these radiographic features, clinicians can differentiate Enchondroma from other bone tumors and determine the appropriate course of action.
Histopathology of Enchondroma
Histopathological examination is essential for confirming the diagnosis of Enchondroma. Tissue samples obtained through biopsies or surgical excisions are analyzed under a microscope, revealing the cellular composition and architecture of the tumor. Histopathological traits commonly seen in Enchondroma include:
- Islands of mature hyaline cartilage
- Scattered chondrocytes
- Uniform nuclear features
- Lack of cellular atypia or mitotic activity
These histopathological characteristics help distinguish Enchondroma from other cartilage tumors and aid in providing an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Options and Prognosis
Treatment for Enchondroma depends on various factors, including the location of the tumor, its size, and the patient’s symptoms. As Enchondroma is a benign tumor, treatment may not always be necessary. However, if the tumor causes pain, impairs functionality, or exhibits aggressive growth, treatment options may include:
- Observation and regular monitoring
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief
- Surgical removal (curettage and bone grafting)
The prognosis for Enchondroma is generally excellent, with a very low risk of malignant transformation. Recurrence rates following surgical treatment are also minimal. However, regular follow-up appointments and imaging studies are essential to monitor any changes in the tumor and ensure appropriate management.
In the next section, we will explore the differential diagnosis of Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, highlighting the key factors that help distinguish these two bone tumors.
Differential Diagnosis of Chondrosarcoma Vs Enchondroma
When it comes to distinguishing between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, a thorough differential diagnosis is essential. Medical professionals carefully consider various factors, including radiographic features and histopathological examination, to accurately identify the nature of the bone tumor and devise an appropriate treatment plan.
Radiographic Features
Radiographic features play a crucial role in differentiating Chondrosarcoma from Enchondroma. These imaging studies, such as X-rays and MRIs, provide valuable insights into the characteristics of the tumor. By assessing specific radiographic features, clinicians can determine the likelihood of either Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma, guiding further diagnostic tests and treatment decisions.
Histopathological Examination
Histopathological examination is another important aspect of the differential diagnosis process. By analyzing tissue samples under a microscope, pathologists can observe the cellular characteristics and patterns exhibited by the tumor. This examination helps differentiate Chondrosarcoma from Enchondroma and provides valuable information for the overall treatment plan.
By carefully assessing radiographic features and conducting histopathological examinations, medical professionals can make an accurate differential diagnosis between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma. This distinction is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment approach and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.
| Factors | Chondrosarcoma | Enchondroma |
|---|---|---|
| Radiographic Features | Infiltrative bone destruction, cortical erosion, soft tissue extension | Well-defined, cortical thinning or expansion |
| Histopathology | Atypical cells, pleomorphism, increased mitotic activity | Benign cartilage cells, chondrocyte clusters |
Radiographic Features of Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma
When it comes to differentiating between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, understanding their radiographic features is crucial. Radiographic imaging techniques such as X-rays and MRIs provide valuable insights into these bone tumors, aiding in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plans.
Radiographic Features of Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma exhibits certain distinct radiographic characteristics that set it apart from Enchondroma. These features include:
- Lytic Lesions:Â Chondrosarcoma often presents as lytic lesions on X-rays, which are areas of bone destruction that appear as dark or hollow regions.
- Irregular Margins: The tumor’s margins may appear irregular or ill-defined, indicating an invasive nature.
- Periosteal Reaction: Chondrosarcoma can cause periosteal reaction, where the bone’s outer layer shows increased density or new bone formation in response to the tumor.
- Soft Tissue Mass:Â In advanced cases, Chondrosarcoma may be accompanied by a soft tissue mass visible on imaging studies.
By detecting these radiographic features, healthcare professionals can differentiate Chondrosarcoma from other bone tumors and implement appropriate treatment strategies tailored to the patient’s condition.
Radiographic Features of Enchondroma
In contrast, Enchondroma exhibits specific radiographic features that help distinguish it from Chondrosarcoma. These features include:
- Well-Defined Margins:Â Enchondroma typically presents with well-defined margins on X-rays, indicating a contained lesion.
- Homogenous Appearance:Â The tumor appears homogenous and may display areas of calcification, giving it a popcorn-like appearance.
- No Periosteal Reaction:Â Unlike Chondrosarcoma, Enchondroma does not cause periosteal reaction or new bone formation.
By recognizing these radiographic features, clinicians can accurately differentiate Enchondroma from Chondrosarcoma, leading to appropriate management and treatment decisions.
| Radiographic Features | Chondrosarcoma | Enchondroma |
|---|---|---|
| Lytic Lesions | Present | Absent |
| Margins | Irregular | Well-defined |
| Periosteal Reaction | Present | Absent |
| Soft Tissue Mass | Possible | Absent |
The table above summarizes the distinctive radiographic features of Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, further illustrating the contrasts between these bone tumors.
Histopathology of Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma
In this section, we will delve into the histopathological aspects of Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, two types of bone tumors that involve the cartilage. Histopathology plays a crucial role in accurately diagnosing these tumors and providing valuable insights for treatment planning.
Chondrosarcoma:
Chondrosarcoma exhibits distinct histopathological features that differentiate it from other bone tumors. The tumor is composed of atypical cartilage-forming cells and exhibits varying degrees of cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, and matrix characteristics. The histological grade of Chondrosarcoma, delineated as grade I, II, or III, indicates the aggressiveness of the tumor and is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment approach.
Enchondroma:
Enchondroma, on the other hand, is defined by its benign nature and the presence of mature, hyaline cartilage. Histopathological examination reveals well-defined chondrocytes, surrounded by abundant extracellular matrix. The absence of cellular atypia and mitotic figures distinguishes Enchondroma from malignant cartilage tumors such as Chondrosarcoma.
It is important to note that Enchondroma can undergo malignant transformation to Chondrosarcoma in rare cases, highlighting the significance of histopathological examination in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Differential Diagnosis:
The histopathological evaluation of Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma is crucial in distinguishing between these two bone tumors. While the presence of cellular atypia, increased cellularity, and nuclear pleomorphism favors a diagnosis of Chondrosarcoma, the absence of these features, along with the presence of mature cartilage, indicates Enchondroma.
However, there are cases where distinguishing between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma solely based on histopathological examination can be challenging. In such instances, additional diagnostic methods, including molecular and genetic analyses, may be employed to provide a more definitive diagnosis.
The histopathological examination is performed by skilled pathologists who analyze tissue samples obtained through biopsy or surgical resection. Their expertise in identifying the cellular characteristics and patterns specific to each of these bone tumors ensures accurate diagnoses and optimal treatment planning for patients.
| Chondrosarcoma | Enchondroma |
|---|---|
| Malignant bone tumor | Benign bone tumor |
| Atypical cartilage-forming cells | Mature chondrocytes |
| Variable cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, and matrix characteristics | Well-defined chondrocytes surrounded by abundant extracellular matrix |
| Delineated into grade I, II, or III based on histological features | No grading, but identification of cellular atypia or malignant transformation is crucial |
By understanding the histopathological differences between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, medical professionals can provide accurate diagnoses, guide treatment decisions, and improve patient outcomes. This emphasizes the importance of histopathology in the management of bone tumors involving the cartilage.
Treatment Options for Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma
When it comes to managing Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, a variety of treatment options are available. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient’s overall health. Treatment approaches for these bone tumors typically involve a combination of surgical intervention, radiation therapy, and other adjuvant treatments.
Surgical Approaches
Surgery plays a crucial role in the treatment of Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma. The primary goal of surgical intervention is to remove the tumor while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. The specific surgical technique employed may vary depending on factors such as tumor size, location, and grade. In some cases, limb-sparing surgery may be feasible, while in others, amputation might be necessary to achieve complete tumor resection.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma. This non-invasive treatment modality uses high-energy radiation beams to target and destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy may be employed before surgery to shrink the tumor, after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells, or as a primary treatment option for inoperable tumors. The exact radiation dosage and duration will be determined by the patient’s specific condition and response to treatment.
Other Adjuvant Treatments
In addition to surgery and radiation therapy, other adjuvant treatments may be utilized to manage Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma. These treatments may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the individual case. The inclusion of these therapies is determined based on factors such as tumor characteristics, response to initial treatments, and overall prognosis. The aim is to enhance treatment effectiveness and improve patient outcomes.
It is crucial to note that treatment plans for Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma should be tailored to meet the specific needs of each patient. A multidisciplinary approach involving a team of experts, including surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and pathologists, is essential to ensure comprehensive and individualized care.
Table: Treatment Options for Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma
| Treatment Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Surgical Intervention | Removal of the tumor while preserving healthy tissue |
| Radiation Therapy | High-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells |
| Chemotherapy | Use of anti-cancer drugs to kill cancer cells |
| Targeted Therapy | Drugs that specifically target cancer cells based on genetic changes |
| Immunotherapy | Stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells |
By leveraging these treatment options and incorporating the latest advancements in medical science, healthcare professionals strive to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients diagnosed with Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma.
Prognosis and Outlook for Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma
When it comes to bone tumors, such as Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, understanding the prognosis and outlook plays a crucial role in healthcare decision-making. Several key factors influence the predicted outcome for patients diagnosed with these cartilage tumors. By considering tumor stage, histological grade, and response to treatment, healthcare professionals can provide valuable insights into the overall prognosis and guide patients and their families throughout their healthcare journey.
Tumor stage is an essential determinant of prognosis for both Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma. It refers to the extent of the tumor’s progression within the body. In general, earlier stages of these bone tumors tend to have a more favorable prognosis, with a higher likelihood of successful treatment and extended survival rates. On the other hand, advanced stages may indicate a more aggressive tumor, with a potentially lower chance of successful treatment outcomes. Accurate staging through imaging studies and histopathological evaluation is crucial for determining the appropriate prognosis.
Another critical factor influencing the prognosis is the histological grade of the tumor. Histological grading refers to the microscopic examination of tumor cells to assess their level of malignancy or benignity. In the case of Chondrosarcoma, higher-grade tumors often indicate increased aggressiveness, with a higher likelihood of local recurrence and metastasis. Conversely, lower-grade tumors tend to have a more favorable prognosis, as they are typically less aggressive and have a lower chance of recurrence or spread. Enchondroma, being a benign tumor, generally carries a favorable prognosis, regardless of histological grade.
For both Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, response to treatment significantly impacts the overall prognosis. Treatment options, which may include surgical interventions, radiation therapy, and adjuvant treatments, aim to eradicate or control the tumor effectively. Patients who respond well to treatment and achieve complete remission or stable disease have a more favorable prognosis. However, individuals who do not respond adequately to treatment or experience disease progression may face a more challenging prognosis.
It is essential to recognize that every patient’s prognosis is unique and may depend on various factors specific to their individual case. These factors can include the location and size of the tumor, the patient’s overall health, and the presence of any genetic or chromosomal abnormalities. Consulting with a specialized healthcare team that includes oncologists, orthopedic surgeons, and pathologists is essential in accurately assessing prognosis and developing an appropriate treatment plan.
Overall, understanding the prognosis and outlook for Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma empowers patients and their families to make informed decisions and better navigate their healthcare journey. With advancements in medical research and multidisciplinary care, healthcare professionals can provide personalized prognostic information and develop individualized treatment plans to optimize patient outcomes and improve quality of life.
Chondrosarcoma Vs Enchondroma: Making Informed Health Choices
When facing a diagnosis of Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma, it is crucial to make informed health choices. Seeking medical advice from experts and understanding the intricacies of these conditions can empower patients to play an active role in their healthcare journey. By actively participating in treatment decisions, patients can ensure that they receive the most suitable and effective interventions for their specific circumstances.
Consulting with specialists who have extensive experience in bone tumor management is essential. These professionals can provide accurate diagnosis and offer valuable insights into treatment options, prognosis, and the potential impact on patients’ lives.
Seeking Medical Advice from Experts
When diagnosed with Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma, it is advisable to seek medical advice from orthopedic oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists who specialize in bone tumors. These experts possess the knowledge and expertise necessary to accurately diagnose and differentiate between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, based on radiographic features and histopathological examination.
Understanding the Intricacies of the Condition
By educating themselves about Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma, patients can gain a better understanding of their conditions. Learning about the characteristics and behaviors of these bone tumors enables individuals to ask relevant questions during consultations, enabling them to actively participate in their treatment planning.
Actively Participating in Treatment Decisions
Active participation in treatment decisions allows patients to collaborate with their healthcare team in determining the most appropriate course of action. This may involve discussions about surgical options, radiation therapy, or other adjuvant treatments. By engaging in these conversations, patients can contribute to their overall treatment plan and make decisions that align with their preferences and priorities.
| Aspect | Chondrosarcoma | Enchondroma |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Malignant bone tumor originating from cartilage cells | Benign bone tumor arising within the cartilage |
| Prognosis | Variable depending on the grade, stage, and response to treatment | Favorable, with a low risk of malignant transformation |
| Treatment | Surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy | Observation, surgical intervention in selected cases |
By taking an active role in their healthcare journey, patients with Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma can make informed decisions that consider both their clinical condition and personal preferences. This approach enhances patient engagement, improves overall care satisfaction, and ultimately leads to better treatment outcomes.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma are distinct bone tumors that involve the cartilage. It is essential to understand the key differences between these conditions to ensure accurate diagnosis and provide optimal patient care. By recognizing the unique radiographic features and histopathology associated with each tumor, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions regarding treatment options and prognosis.
Seeking appropriate medical attention and staying informed are crucial steps in managing these challenging conditions. Early detection and timely intervention significantly impact the overall outcomes for individuals diagnosed with Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma. Furthermore, engaging in multidisciplinary care and actively participating in treatment decisions empower patients to navigate their healthcare journey more effectively.
By making informed health choices, individuals can significantly improve their overall outcomes and quality of life. It is important to stay proactive, seek advice from trusted medical experts, and take a proactive role in managing these conditions. With continuous advancements in research and treatment options, there is hope for improved outcomes for those affected by Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma.
FAQ
What is the difference between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma?
Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma are two distinct types of bone tumors that involve the cartilage. Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor, while Enchondroma is a benign tumor. The primary difference lies in their aggressiveness and potential to spread to other parts of the body.
How are Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma diagnosed?
Both Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma can be diagnosed through various methods, including radiographic imaging (such as X-rays and MRIs) and histopathological examination. These diagnostic techniques help in determining the nature of the tumor and guiding further treatment decisions.
What are the treatment options for Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma?
Treatment options for Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma may vary depending on factors such as tumor size, location, and grade. Surgical interventions, including tumor resection and limb salvage procedures, are commonly employed. Additionally, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be recommended in some cases.
What is the prognosis for individuals with Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma?
The prognosis for Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma depends on various factors, including tumor stage, grade, and response to treatment. Chondrosarcoma carries a higher risk of recurrence and metastasis, potentially affecting long-term outcomes. On the other hand, Enchondroma, being a benign tumor, generally has a favorable prognosis.
How can one differentiate between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma?
Differential diagnosis between Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma is based on several factors, including radiographic features and histopathological examination. Radiographic imaging helps identify specific characteristics of the tumor, while histopathology provides microscopic insights into the cellular composition, aiding in accurate differentiation.
What are the radiographic features of Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma?
Chondrosarcoma often exhibits features such as cortical destruction, soft tissue extension, and irregular calcification on imaging studies. Enchondroma, however, appears as a well-defined radiolucent lesion with characteristic stippled or ring-like calcifications. These radiographic features help distinguish between the two tumors.
How does histopathology assist in diagnosing Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma?
Histopathological examination involves studying tissue samples under a microscope. Chondrosarcoma displays cellular characteristics such as hypercellularity, pleomorphism, and increased mitotic activity. Enchondroma, on the other hand, shows a benign cartilaginous pattern without significant cellular atypia or increased mitotic activity.
Can Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma be cured?
While there is no guarantee of a complete cure for Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve outcomes. The goal of treatment is typically to control tumor growth, relieve symptoms, and preserve function. Regular follow-up and monitoring are essential to detect any recurrence or metastasis.
What should individuals diagnosed with Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma consider when making treatment decisions?
When faced with a diagnosis of Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma, it is important to seek medical advice from specialists experienced in managing bone tumors. Understanding the available treatment options, potential risks, and benefits will aid in making informed decisions. Active participation in treatment choices and maintaining open communication with healthcare providers are also crucial.
How can individuals affected by Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma cope with the emotional and physical challenges?
Coping with the emotional and physical challenges of Chondrosarcoma or Enchondroma can be overwhelming. Participating in support groups, seeking counseling or therapy, and connecting with other individuals facing similar experiences can provide valuable support. It is important to prioritize self-care, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and engage in activities that promote overall well-being.
ACIBADEM Healthcare Group Hospitals and Clinics
With a network of hospitals and clinics across 5 countries, including 40 hospitals, ACIBADEM Healthcare Group has a global presence that allows us to provide comprehensive healthcare services to patients from around the world. With over 25,000 dedicated employees, we have the expertise and resources to deliver unparalleled healthcare experiences. Our mission is to ensure that each patient receives the best possible care, supported by our commitment to healthcare excellence and international healthcare standards. Ready to take the first step towards a healthier future? Contact us now to schedule your Free Consultation Health session. Our friendly team is eager to assist you and provide the guidance you need to make informed decisions about your well-being. Click To Call Now !*The information on our website is not intended to direct people to diagnosis and treatment. Do not carry out all your diagnosis and treatment procedures without consulting your doctor. The contents do not contain information about the therapeutic health services of ACIBADEM Health Group.