Abdominal aortic aneurysms: Damage to the aortic wall causes the largest artery exiting the heart to expand to 1.5 times its original size in the abdominal area. This is most frequently observed in older men. It occurs at a rate of 2–3 cases in 10,000 people. People who smoke; have familial aneurysms; are elderly; are tall; or have blocked arteries, high cholesterol levels, chronic lung disease, or hypertension are at risk of developing abdominal aortic aneurysms. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are generally asymptomatic.
Thoracic aortic aneurysm: These aneurysms form in the aorta in the chest area. A localized expansion of approximately 4 cm is called an aneurysm, and 1–1.5% of patients with thoracic aneurysms are aged 65 and over. Thoracic aneurysms can be triggered by aortic dissections, familial aneurysms, connective tissue disease (Marfan syndrome), trauma, and infectious disease. Thoracic aortic aneurysms are generally asymptomatic.
Dissection: Aortic dissection is a tear in the wall of the aorta. Clinical progress may vary depending on the location of the aortic tear. In most patients, the condition is caused by hypertension. It may also develop as a result of various diseases, such as aortic aneurysm, collagen tissue diseases, aortic stenosis, aortic coarctation, and other medical conditions related to the aorta.
Peripheral embolisms: Peripheral vascular disease is a narrowing or constriction of veins other than the coronary veins that supply the heart, which is so advanced that not enough blood is supplied to the organs. Diabetes, long-term hypertension, long-term lipid metabolism disorder, a family history of atherosclerosis (vessel stiffness), gout, insufficient exercise, and nicotine addiction are among the risk factors. As the constriction increases, the distance the patient can walk without pain decreases.
Vena Constrictions (venous thrombosis): Vena constriction is caused by a small clot in the vein and may be asymptomatic. However, the tiniest clot can be life-threatening, depending on its location. Surgery is needed for patients who do not respond to medical treatment, are at risk of developing gangrene, or have severe pulmonary embolisms.