What Is a Compression Fracture of the Spine
What Is a Compression Fracture of the Spine A compression fracture of the spine occurs when one or more of the vertebrae in the spinal column become compressed, leading to a sudden or gradual collapse of the bone. These fractures are most commonly associated with osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weakened bones, but can also result from trauma, cancer metastasis, or other underlying health issues. The vertebrae, which are the small bones forming the backbone, are designed to support the body’s weight and protect the spinal cord. When a compression fracture happens, it can significantly impact mobility, cause pain, and lead to deformities such as kyphosis, which is an exaggerated outward curvature of the spine.
Osteoporotic compression fractures are particularly prevalent among older adults, especially postmenopausal women, whose bones tend to become less dense over time. The fracture typically occurs after a minor fall or even during daily activities like bending or lifting. Sometimes, the fracture can happen without any apparent injury, simply due to the fragility of the weakened vertebrae. The hallmark symptom of a compression fracture is sudden onset of back pain that worsens with movement and may be accompanied by tenderness or a feeling of stiffness. In some cases, the pain can radiate to other areas, such as the hips or legs.
What Is a Compression Fracture of the Spine Diagnosis of a compression fracture involves a careful medical history and physical examination, followed by imaging studies. X-rays are usually the first step to visualize the shape and integrity of the vertebrae. If further detail is needed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help determine if the fracture is new or old, and whether there is any associated nerve compression or spinal cord involvement. Bone density testing may also be recommended to assess the overall strength of the bones and guide treatment strategies.
Treatment for a compression fracture aims to relieve pain, stabilize the spine, and prevent further injury. Conservative approaches are often the first line of management and include pain medications, bed rest, and activity modification. Bracing may be prescribed to support the spine and restrict movement that could aggravate the fracture. Physical therapy is also useful to strengthen the surrounding muscles, improve posture, and promote healing. What Is a Compression Fracture of the Spine
In cases where pain persists or the fracture causes significant deformity or neurological issues, more invasive procedures might be necessary. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive surgeries that involve injecting bone cement into the fractured vertebra to stabilize it and reduce pain. Kyphoplasty additionally uses a balloon to restore some of the lost height of the vertebra before cement injection, which can help correct spinal deformity. What Is a Compression Fracture of the Spine
Preventing compression fractures largely revolves around maintaining bone health through adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercise, and managing risk factors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. For those with osteoporosis, medications like bisphosphonates may be prescribed to strengthen bones and lower the risk of fractures. Early detection and management are crucial to minimizing the impact of compression fractures and maintaining quality of life. What Is a Compression Fracture of the Spine
What Is a Compression Fracture of the Spine Understanding what a compression fracture entails can help individuals recognize symptoms early and seek appropriate treatment. While common among the elderly, these fractures can affect adults of all ages, especially those with weakened bones. With advances in diagnosis and minimally invasive treatments, many patients recover effectively and regain their mobility, reducing the long-term consequences of this painful condition.
